(Originally posted on The Virginian-Pilot)
Scientists are working on harnessing energy from the Gulf Stream off Cape Hatteras, N.C., where the ocean flows with more power than all of the world’s rivers combined.
Gulf Stream currents might have more potential than offshore wind. Ocean currents move more slowly than wind but are about 800 times more dense, according to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Water flowing at 12 mph exerts the same force as a 110 mph wind.
“We know there is a vast resource out there,” said Mike Muglia, a marine scientist with the Renewable Ocean Energy Program operated under the University of North Carolina Coastal Studies Institute in Wanchese. “The key is to find the sweet spot.”
The Gulf Stream flows up the East Coast from the tip of Florida as winds push the ocean currents against the continental shelf, forcing them northward. Its currents run about 60 miles wide and 3,000 feet deep in places. The Gulf Stream passes about 15 miles offshore from Cape Hatteras, creating some of the best fishing conditions in the world.
The current off Hatteras runs at about three times the volume it does off the Florida coast, Muglia said. The Gulf Stream transports nearly 4 billion cubic feet of water per second, more than all the world’s rivers put together, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
One day, those currents also could be a key producer of alternative power, Muglia said.
“There is enough energy in the flow to power all of North Carolina and more,” he said.
Producing power from Gulf Stream currents is at least 10 years away, he said. The question is whether it can be done in a cost-effective way. The cost of oil and the political will are also factors.
So far, no commercially connected turbines operate in the Gulf Stream, according to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. A few prototypes have been tested off the coast of Florida. Challenges include turbine maintenance in a harsh, salty environment and long distances to run cable connections.
Muglia and his team collect data using three methods, each with advantages and limitations.
One is a land-based radar system with units in Duck, Buxton and Core Banks that measure currents every hour. The data is constant and long-term, but the system gathers speeds down to only 6 feet below the surface.
Another device, called an acoustic Doppler current profiler, gets deployed about 760 feet below the surface in the Gulf Stream and, using sonar technology, records currents above it. The disadvantage is that the measurements come from only one spot.
Finally, a Doppler current profiler fixed on a boom takes readings from a boat to about 100 meters deep as the crew crosses over the Gulf Stream. The instrument provides a good cross-section of the stream, but trips off the coast are sporadic.
The Coastal Studies Institute is studying ocean energy potential from waves, tides and currents. The area that could have the most potential but would be toughest to conquer is the Gulf Stream.
“I believe we can do it,” Muglia said.